| Miguel Pou | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Miguel Pou y Becerra |
| Born | August 24, 1880 Ponce, Puerto Rico |
| Died | January 1, 1968 (aged 87) San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| Nationality | Puerto Rican |
| Field | Painting |
| Training | Art Students League, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts |
| Movement | Impressionism |
| Works | Los Coches de Ponce, La Promesa, La Calle Loiza, La Catedral de Ponce |
| Patrons | Museo de Arte de Ponce, Puerto Rico Museum of Contemporary Art, Puerto Rico Museum of Art |
| Awards | Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, Puerto Rican Athenaeum, Ponce Progressive League |
Miguel Pou y Becerra (born in Ponce in 1880, died in San Juan in 1968)[1] was a Puerto Rican oil canvas painter. He was a painter, draftsman, and professor.[2] Together with José Campeche and Francisco Oller, he has been called "one of Puerto Rico's greatest masters."[3] He was an exposer of the impressionist movement. During his life he carried out 64 expositions, of which 17 were solo. He won five gold medals.[4]
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Miguel Pou was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, on August 24, 1880, to Juan Bautista Pou Carreras and Margarita Becerra Julbe.[5][6] Pou took drawing and painting lessons in Ponce.[7] He began drawing with Pedro Clausells and painting with Spaniard Santiago Meana.[8]
After receiving a Bachelor of Arts from the Provincial Institute of Ponce in 1898, he worked as a teacher with the Department of Education.[9][10] He became a public school teacher at age 20.[11] He became assistant superintendent in the Ponce School District in 1900.[12]
In 1906, he completed the methodology course in teaching drawing at the Hyannis Normal School (now the Hyannis State Teachers College) in Massachusetts, United States.[13] In 1909, he became director of the Dr. Rafael Pujals School in Ponce. He also married in 1909, to Ana Valldejuly.
In 1910 he established the Miguel Pou Academy in Ponce, an art school that stimulated numerous youngsters to develop an interest in art.[14] He directed his school for the next forty years, until 1950. He was very much admired for his artistic works in Puerto Rico.[15] In 1919 he briefly interrupted his presence at the art school to further his studies. In that year he studied in the United States at the Art Students League in New York and in 1935 at the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts.[16][17] Miguel Pou studied painting and drawing intensively and also taught art.[18][19][20]
Among his pupils are: Epifanio Irizarry, José R. Alicea, and José Manuel Cintrón Pou.[21] Among his disciples are also Olga Albizu, Horacio Castaign, Rafael Ríos Rey, and Luis Quero Chiesa.[22][23]
Miguel Pou's style was generally impressionistic. He painted Puerto Rican landscapes and jibaro-type paintings. Pou did not have a political statement to make. He wanted to capture the ideal of what a jibaro or jibara was. He painted the beauty both physical and spiritual that the people and the land had.[24] "His work is considered impressionistic because of his use of a palette of colors and of light, although he presented reality as he saw it, without softening or exaggerating it. Nevertheless, he is a painter of the realist school because of his effort to depict Puerto Rican reality."[25]
He liked to portray what the artist called regional types. In terms of subject matter, he wished to reflect the soul of the Puerto Rican people and a way of life he feared was being blown by the wind of modernity. His best work was local, embracing the land, its people, and their customs. Like Campeche and Oller before him, Pou helped to define the national character of Puerto Rico during his lifetime, and he added to Puerto Rico's artistic tradition in equally important ways.[26]
According to the Worcester Art Museum, "Miguel Pou... shows thorough command of the concerns of the Ashcan school, and applied it to the depiction of local types."[27] The importance he places on light and color in his paintings reflects the influence of impressionism. He was inspired by the rural and urban landscapes, popular characters, and the human figure.[28]
Pou’s works have been exhibited in many Puerto Rican towns, in North America, and in Madrid and Barcelona.[29]
Outstanding paintings by Pou are:
There is a reproduction of Los Coches de Ponce at the Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute.[30] Some of his works are in permanent exhibition in the Puerto Rican Artists Gallery at the Museo de Arte de Ponce.[31]
Pou's work has been recognized in Puerto Rico, the United States, and Paris.[32]
In addition to exhibiting his work on the island, he participated in collective exhibitions such as the Paris Colonial Exhibition (1931), the National Exhibition of American Art in New York (1938), and the Second Biennial Exhibition of Spanish American Art in Madrid (1951). The Institute of Puerto Rican Culture held a retrospective exhibition of his work in 1957.[33]
Among the prizes he was awarded were two gold medals in the Ponce Progressive League competition for his works Los Coches de Ponce and Retrato a Pluma del tío Ramón (1914), a medal and certificate of honor from the Puerto Rican Athenaeum for his work El tío Ramón (1924) and a gold medal for his contributions to the culture of Puerto Rico from the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture (1960).[34]
Today, some of his works can be seen at the Museum of Contemporary Art in San Juan, at the Museum of History, Anthropology and Art at the University of Puerto Rico's Río Piedras campus and at the Puerto Rico Museum of Art.[35]
Miguel Pou Becerra died in 1968.[36] In Ponce there is a major thoroughfare named after Miguel Pou. The boulevard is the most popular entrance to the Ponce historic district, and leads from the intersection of PR-1 and PR-2 into the center of the city.